Latest published articles

Trading and Exchanges Chapter 19: What Liquidity Really Means and Why It Matters

Everyone in finance talks about liquidity. Traders want it, exchanges advertise it, regulators worry when it disappears. Yet if you ask five people what liquidity actually means, you will get five different answers. Chapter 19 is where Harris finally pins it down. His definition is simple: liquidity is the ability to trade large size quickly, at low cost, when you want to trade. That is it. But the simplicity hides a lot of complexity.

Insurance and Pension Fund Operations: How They Invest and Manage Risk

Book: Financial Markets and Institutions, 11th Edition Author: Jeff Madura Publisher: Cengage Learning, 2015 ISBN: 978-1-133-94788-2

Chapter 25 is the longest chapter in Part 7 and covers two major categories of financial institutions: insurance companies and pension funds. Both are massive investors that channel money from individuals into financial markets. Insurance companies alone hold trillions in assets. Pension funds are some of the largest institutional investors in the world.

Securities Firm Operations: Investment Banking, Brokerage, and Trading

Book: Financial Markets and Institutions, 11th Edition Author: Jeff Madura Publisher: Cengage Learning, 2015 ISBN: 978-1-133-94788-2

Chapter 24 is about securities firms, and it covers a lot of ground. These are the companies that sit at the center of capital markets, helping governments and corporations raise money, facilitating trades between investors, and sometimes trading for their own profit. Some are independent. Many are part of larger financial conglomerates. After the credit crisis, some became part of bank holding companies. But their securities operations remain distinct from traditional banking.

Trading and Exchanges Chapter 17: When Arbitrage Goes Wrong (Part 2)

In Part 1 we covered what arbitrage is, the different types (pure vs speculative), and how arbitrageurs keep prices consistent across markets. Sounds like easy money, right? Buy low here, sell high there, pocket the difference. This part is about why it is not that simple. Harris lays out four specific risks that make arbitrage genuinely dangerous, and he has some incredible real-world examples to prove it.

Mutual Fund Operations: Types, Fees, Performance, and ETFs

Book: Financial Markets and Institutions, 11th Edition Author: Jeff Madura Publisher: Cengage Learning, 2015 ISBN: 978-1-133-94788-2

Chapter 23 covers mutual funds, and it is packed. This is one of the longer chapters because mutual funds are such a big part of the financial system. There are more than 7,500 different mutual funds in the US with total assets of about $12 trillion. If you have a retirement account, you are almost certainly invested in one.